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What is a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and how is it managed in first aid?

A Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA), often referred to as a mini-stroke, is a temporary disruption of blood flow to part of the brain. This leads to stroke-like symptoms, which usually resolve within minutes to a few hours. Despite the brief duration, a TIA is a serious warning sign that a major stroke may occur soon and requires urgent medical attention.

Symptoms of a TIA can include sudden weakness or numbness (typically on one side of the body), difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision changes, dizziness, and loss of coordination. Because symptoms can vanish quickly, it’s easy to dismiss them—but doing so can be dangerous.

In first aid, if someone shows signs of a TIA, you should apply the FAST test:

  • F – Face: Check if their face droops on one side.
  • A – Arms: Can they lift both arms evenly?
  • S – Speech: Is their speech slurred or strange?
  • T – Time: Call 000 immediately, even if symptoms have resolved.

Have the person rest in a comfortable position while waiting for emergency services. Monitor them closely and do not give food, drink, or medication unless directed by a medical professional.

Early recognition and response to a TIA can help prevent a life-threatening stroke. Always treat it as an emergency.

A TIA (mini-stroke) causes temporary stroke-like symptoms and is a serious warning sign of future stroke.

Signs and symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack:

  • Sudden weakness or numbness (often on one side)

  • Slurred speech or difficulty speaking

  • Blurred or loss of vision

  • Dizziness or loss of balance

  • Symptoms resolve within minutes to hours

First aid for transient ischaemic attack:

  • Use the FAST test (Face, Arms, Speech, Time).

  • Call 000 immediately – even if symptoms disappear.

  • Keep the person at rest in a comfortable position.

  • Monitor for changes in consciousness or symptoms.

  • Do not give food, drink, or medication unless advised by emergency services.

Takeaway to Remember

A Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA), also called a mini-stroke, is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. Symptoms are similar to a stroke but usually resolve within minutes to hours. It is a medical emergency and warning sign of a future stroke.